Hay fever, itchy eyes, runny nose — there are lots of medicines that can help, but they work differently. This guide breaks down the common options so you can match a medicine to your symptoms, speed, and safety needs.
Antihistamines (cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine): best for sneezing, itching, and watery eyes. Fexofenadine and loratadine rarely cause drowsiness; cetirizine can make some people sleepy. They start working in 1–3 hours and last 24 hours for once-daily dosing.
Nasal steroid sprays (fluticasone, budesonide): the top choice for long-term nasal congestion, sneezing, and post-nasal drip. They take a few days to reach full effect, but they reduce inflammation and give the best control for chronic allergic rhinitis.
Decongestants (pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine): fast relief for stuffed noses. Pseudoephedrine is usually more effective than phenylephrine but can raise blood pressure and cause jitteriness. Use short-term only (a few days) to avoid rebound congestion.
Leukotriene receptor blockers (montelukast): helpful if you have allergies plus asthma or nasal polyps. Works on the inflammatory pathway rather than histamine. Prescription only and often used when antihistamines and sprays don’t fully control symptoms.
Mast cell stabilizers (cromolyn): safe for kids and pregnancy in many cases. They work well as a preventive nasal spray if used before exposure, but they need regular dosing and take time to work.
Allergy eye drops (olopatadine): great for itchy, red eyes. Faster relief than oral meds for eye symptoms and limits systemic side effects.
Match the drug to what bothers you most. If your nose is constantly blocked, start with a nasal steroid. If you mainly have sneezing and itching, try a non-drowsy oral antihistamine. Need quick relief before an event? A decongestant or an antihistamine with faster onset can help for a few hours.
Think about safety: avoid sedating antihistamines before driving or at work. People with high blood pressure should avoid pseudoephedrine. Montelukast has behavioral side effects in some people — monitor mood closely and report changes. Pregnant or breastfeeding? Ask your clinician; cromolyn and some nasal steroids have safer track records.
Cost and access matter. Most antihistamines and nasal steroids are available over the counter. Prescription options include montelukast and some stronger sprays. If OTC meds fail, see an allergist—immunotherapy (allergy shots or sublingual tablets) can change how your immune system reacts and reduce the need for daily meds.
Quick tips: avoid mixing sedating antihistamines with alcohol, don’t use oral decongestants long-term, and try a nasal steroid for at least 7–14 days before judging its effect. If your symptoms include wheeze or repeated sinus infections, talk to a doctor.
Want help choosing a specific product for your age or health condition? Ask your pharmacist or doctor — a short chat can make sure you pick an option that’s both safe and effective for your situation.
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